Experimental studies on peptides and proteins stability and folding in solution are usually made in the presence of membrane mimic nonaqueous solvents. These conditions facilitate the study of hydrophobic stabilization effects.
Fluorinated solvents are particularly useful for this purpose given their peculiar properties. However, the molecular basis of these stabilization effects is not well understood. For this reason, we have optimized new accurate models for fluorinated solvents 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)[1] and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFIP)[2] for simulation peptide and proteins simulations. The models are optimized to reproduce physicochemical properties of the pure liquid as well as of their mixture with water at room temperature.
The topology file of the TFE is the following
;
; F(2)
; |
; (3)F--C(1)--F(4)
; |
; CH2 (5)
; |
; O (6)
; |
; H (7)
;
; If you use this model please cite:
;Fioroni, K. Bruger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. A new 2,2,2-trifluoro; ethanol model for molecular dynamics simulations. J. Phys. Chem. B,
; 104, 12347-12354 (2000).
[ moleculetype ]
; name nrexclTFE 2
TFE 2
[ atoms ]
;nr type resnr residu atom cgnr charge mass
1 C 1 TFE C 1 0.452 12.011
2 F 1 TFE F 1 -0.170 18.9984
3 F 1 TFE F 1 -0.170 18.9984
4 F 1 TFE F 1 -0.170 18.9984
5 CH2 1 TFE CH2 1 0.273 14.027
6 OA 1 TFE OA 1 -0.625 15.998
7 H 1 TFE H 1 0.410 1.008
[ bonds ]
; ai aj funct c0 c1
6 7 1 1.000000e-01 3.138000e+05
1 2 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05
1 3 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05
1 4 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05
1 5 1 1.530000e-01 3.347200e+05
5 6 1 1.430000e-01 3.347200e+05
[ angles ]
; ai aj ak funct c0 c1
5 6 7 1 1.095000e+02 3.974800e+02
2 1 3 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02
2 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02
3 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02
2 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02
3 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02
4 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02
1 5 6 1 1.109000e+02 4.602400e+02
[ dihedrals ]
; ai aj ak al funct c0 c1 c2
1 5 6 7 1 0.000000e+00 1.300000e+00 3.000000e+00
2 1 5 6 1 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
[ exclusions ]
; i excluded from i
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 1 3 4 5
3 1 2 4 5
4 1 2 3 5
5 1 2 3 4 6 7
6 1 5 7
7 5 6
The topology file of the HFIP is the following
; ; F(2) ; | ; F(3)--C(1)--F(4) ; | ; H(8)--C(5)--O(6)--H(7) ; | ; F(11)--C(9)--F(10) ; | ; F(12) ; ; If you use this model please cite: ; Fioroni, K. Burger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. Model of 1,1,1,3,3, ; 3-hexafluoro-propan-2-ol for molecular dynamics simulations. ; J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 10967-10975 (2001). ; [ moleculetype ] ; name nrexcl IFP 2 [ atoms ] ;nr type resnr residu atom cgnr charge mass 1 C 1 IFP C1 1 0.60 12.011 2 F 1 IFP F2 1 -0.20 18.9984 3 F 1 IFP F3 1 -0.20 18.9984 4 F 1 IFP F4 1 -0.20 18.9984 5 C 1 IFP C5 1 -0.07 12.011 6 OA 1 IFP OA6 1 -0.595 15.998 7 H 1 IFP H7 1 0.495 1.008 8 HC 1 IFP HC8 1 0.170 1.008 9 C 1 IFP C9 1 0.60 12.011 10 F 1 IFP F10 1 -0.20 18.9984 11 F 1 IFP F11 1 -0.20 18.9984 12 F 1 IFP F12 1 -0.20 18.9984 [ bonds ] ; ai aj funct c0 c1 1 2 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 3 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 4 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 5 1 1.530000e-01 3.347200e+05 5 6 1 1.360000e-01 3.765600e+05 5 8 1 1.090000e-01 2.460000e+05 5 9 1 1.530000e-01 3.347200e+05 6 7 1 1.000000e-01 3.138000e+05 9 10 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 9 11 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 9 12 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 [ angles ] ; ai aj ak funct c0 c1 1 5 6 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 1 5 8 1 1.095000e+02 4.602400e+02 1 5 9 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 2 1 3 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 2 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 2 1 5 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 3 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 3 1 5 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 4 1 5 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 5 6 7 1 1.095000e+02 3.974800e+02 5 9 10 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 5 9 11 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 5 9 12 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 6 5 8 1 1.095000e+02 3.974800e+02 6 5 9 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 8 5 9 1 1.095000e+02 4.602400e+02 10 9 12 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 10 9 11 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 11 9 12 1 1.076000e+02 4.602000e+02 [ dihedrals ] ; ai aj ak al funct c0 c1 c2 1 5 6 7 1 0 0 2 1 5 9 10 1 0 0 4 1 5 9 11 1 0 0 4 1 5 9 12 1 0 0 4 2 1 5 6 1 0 0 3 2 1 5 8 1 0 0 1 2 1 5 9 1 0 0 4 3 1 5 6 1 0 0 3 3 1 5 8 1 0 0 1 3 1 5 9 1 0 0 4 4 1 5 6 1 0 0 3 4 1 5 8 1 0 0 1 4 1 5 9 1 0 0 4 6 5 9 10 1 0 0 3 6 5 9 11 1 0 0 3 6 5 9 12 1 0 0 3 7 6 5 8 1 0 0 5 7 6 5 9 1 0 0 2 8 5 9 10 1 0 0 1 8 5 9 11 1 0 0 1 8 5 9 12 1 0 0 1 [ exclusions ] ; i excluded from i 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 2 1 3 4 5 3 1 2 4 5 4 1 2 3 5 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 1 5 7 8 9 7 5 6 8 1 5 9 6 9 1 5 6 8 10 11 12 10 5 9 11 12 11 5 9 10 12 12 5 9 10 11 [ Pairs ] ; a1 a2 2 6 3 6 4 6 6 10 6 11 6 12 2 10 2 11 2 12 3 10 3 11 3 12 4 10 4 11 4 12
Table I. Thermodynamic properties of HFIP/water mixtures at 298 K. The standard deviation for the calculated density and pressure values are kg m
and 300 atm respectively. The errors for the calculated mixing enthalpies are reported directly in the Table.
Conc.
HFIP | Sim. time (ns) | Nr of HFIP | Nr of | Conc.
(v/v) |
ρ | P/bar | ||
0.000 | 2 | 0 | 1074 | 0 | 0.99 | 1.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
0.020 | 2 | 30 | 1435 | 10 | 1.11 | 1.1 | -0.20 | |
0.082 | 2 | 100 | 1117 | 34 | 1.18 | 1.0 | -0.38 | |
0.133 | 2 | 150 | 979 | 47 | 1.25 | 0.9 | -0.41 | |
0.222 | 2 | 200 | 700 | 62 | 1.32 | 0.6 | -0.50 | |
0.359 | 2 | 250 | 445 | 76 | 1.40 | 0.7 | -0.52 | |
0.409 | 2 | 300 | 432 | 80 | 1.43 | 0.9 | | -0.60 |
0.552 | 2 | 300 | 243 | 87 | 1.47 | 1.0 | -0.48 | |
0.662 | 2 | 350 | 178 | 92 | 1.51 | 0.7 | -0.46 | |
0.795 | 2 | 350 | 90 | 96 | 1.55 | 1.2 | -0.40 | |
0.897 | 2 | 350 | 40 | 98 | 1.57 | 1.0 | -0.28 | |
1.000 | 2 | 400 | 0 | 100 | 1.60 | 1.0 | 0.00 |
,
Table II. Experimental (exp) and calculated (calc) dielectric constants of HFIP/water mixtures at 293 K. Diffusion coefficients are calculated at 298 K.
$latex
x_{HFIP} $ | v/v | ||||
0.000 | 0 | 80.1 | 63.5 | —- | |
0.020 | 10 | 71.3 | 60.5 | ||
0.082 | 34 | 56.9 | 41.1 | ||
0.133 | 47 | 51.0 | 32.5 | ||
0.409 | 80 | 30.3 | 23.0 | ||
0.662 | 92 | 24.0 | 15.0 | ||
1.000 | 100 | 17.8 | 8.5 | —- |
Furthermore, we also developed a new model of the chiral solvent 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol (TFIP). The model was used to study its thermodynamics properties in solution with water [3] and the effect of its chirality on the structural properties of the pure liquids [4].
; ; F(2) ; | ; F(3)--C(1)--F(4) ; | ; H(6)--C(5)--O(8)--H(9) ; | ; CH3 (7) ; ; If you use this model please cite: ;Fioroni, K. Burger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. The influence of ; trifluoromethyl groups on the miscibility of fluorinated alcohols ; with water: a molecular dynamics simulation study of ; 1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-ol and its aqueous solution. ; J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 4855-4861 (2003). ; [ moleculetype ] ; name nrexcl TFIP 2 [ atoms ] ; nr type resnr residu atom cgnr charge mass 1 C 1 TFIP C 1 0.600 12.011 2 F 1 TFIP F 1 -0.200 18.9984 3 F 1 TFIP F 1 -0.200 18.9984 4 F 1 TFIP F 1 -0.200 18.9984 5 C 1 TFIP C 1 -0.150 12.011 6 HC 1 TFIP HC 1 0.160 1.008 7 CH3 1 TFIP CH3 1 0.070 15.035 8 OA 1 TFIP OA 1 -0.410 15.998 9 H 1 TFIP H 1 0.330 1.008 [ bonds ] ; ai aj funct c0 c1 1 2 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 3 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 4 1 1.360000e-01 4.184000e+05 1 5 1 1.530000e-01 3.347200e+05 5 6 1 1.090000e-01 2.460000e+05 5 7 1 1.530000e-01 3.347200e+05 5 8 1 1.360000e-01 3.765600e+05 8 9 1 1.000000e-01 3.138000e+05 [ angles ] ; ai aj ak funct c0 c1 1 5 6 1 1.095000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; C-C-HC 1 5 7 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; C-C-CH3 1 5 8 1 1.110000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; C-C-OA 2 1 3 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-F 2 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-F 2 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-C 3 1 4 1 1.076000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-F 3 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-C 4 1 5 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; F-C-C 5 8 9 1 1.095000e+02 3.974800e+02 ; C-OA-H 6 5 8 1 1.095000e+02 3.974800e+02 ; HC-C-OA 6 5 7 1 1.095000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; HC-C-CH3 7 5 8 1 1.114000e+02 4.602400e+02 ; CH3-C-OA [ dihedrals ] ; ai aj ak al funct c0 c1 c2 6 5 8 9 1 180.15 3.5 2 ; HC-C-OA-H 6 5 8 9 1 0 2.4 3 ; HC-C-OA_H 7 5 8 9 1 0 0 0 ; CH3-C-OA-H [ exclusions ] ; i excluded from i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 1 3 4 5 3 1 2 4 5 4 1 2 3 5 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 6 1 5 7 8 7 1 5 6 8 8 1 5 6 7 9 9 5 8
REFERENCES
- Fioroni, K. Bruger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. A new 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol model for molecular dynamics simulations. J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 12347-12354 (2000).
- Fioroni, K. Burger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. Model of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-propan-2-ol for molecular dynamics simulations. J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 10967-10975 (2001).
- Fioroni, K. Burger, A. E. Mark, D. Roccatano. The influence of trifluoromethyl groups on the miscibility of fluorinated alcohols with water: a molecular dynamics simulation study of 1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-ol and its aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 4855-4861 (2003).
- Fioroni, K. Burger, D. Roccatano. Chiral discrimination in 1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-ol: a molecular dynamics study. J. Chem. Phys., 119, 1-8 (2003).