Atomic Fractional Coordinates
Atomic fractional coordinates (AFCs) are used to specify the positions of atoms within a crystal structure. They are expressed as three fractional values that represent the relative positions of atoms within the unit cell of the crystal. If
are the cartesian coordinate an the atom in a cubic lattice of lattice parameters
, the ACF are calculates as
therefore, the value of ACFs are fractional values between 0 and 1. For example, an atom at (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) is located a quarter of the way along the a-axis, halfway along the b-axis, and three-quarters of the way along the c-axis of the unit cell. Crystal structures often exhibit symmetry, and fractional coordinates are essential for understanding and describing this symmetry. Symmetry operations, such as rotations, translations, and reflections, can be applied to fractional coordinates to elucidate the symmetrical aspects of the crystal, which is crucial for understanding the material’s properties.
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